Oil-engine.



E. T. McKAIG.

OILENGINE.

APPLICATION nuzn JAN-29, 1911.

Patented Dec. 18, 1917.

UNITED sTATEs EDDY T. McIiAIG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

OIL-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 18, 1917.

Application filed January 29, 1917. Serial No. 145,192.

My invention relates 'to improvements in. internal combustlon engines and has particular reference to an improved mean of feeding a liquid to the cylinders of such en-- gines.

The object of my inventlon 1s to prov de means for delivering liquid fuel to the cyl nders of internal combustion engines which shall be substantially noiseless in its operation; which hall be automatically regulated to cause the engine to run at its desired speed; which shall be simple in character, consisting of but few substantial parts, and which shall result in the economical production of power. Other objects and novel feature will appear hereinafter.

' My invention consists in a liquid pump which is directly connected to its source of power and arranged to deliver fuel oil to the engine and adapted to have the stroke of its piston or plunger varied to regulate the delivery of oil to the engine in suitable quantities to cause the proper operationor running of the engine.

My invention also consists inthe several combinations and arrangements of parts and in the features of construction and operation by means of which I are enabled to-obtain the above mentioned and other objects and all as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in theap ended claims.

My invention will e more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which:

Figure 1, is an end elevation of an internal combustion engine equipped with an oil feed constructed in accordance with my invention; v r

Fig. 2, is a longitudinal, vertical, central section of th oil pump; and

Fig. 3, is a vertical transverse section of the pump on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

The usual construction of oil feed for internal combustion engines involves some metallic parts which are arranged to come into striking'contact with each other, thus producing a constant metallic knocking or striking which not only Wears the parts but is more or less of an annoyance.

By means of my invention Call noise is eliminated for the reason that the working parts are always mechanically and operably connected and the quantity of oil fed to the cylinders is measured by the movements of the piston, which does not contact with a metallic surface but with the oil itself, thus being cushioned at the ends of its movements. Furthermore I arrange a simple automatic governor attached to the piston of the pump and ads. ted to move the piston back and forth a su cient distance to supply the proper amount of fuel oil to the cylinders to maintain the engine at its desired The pump itself is exceedingly speed. simple in its construction, it is secured to the base of the engine within the limits of the fly wheel and provides a simple, substantial and effective fuel feed for the engine.

In said drawings 10 represents an internal combustion engine of the oil burning ty e havin a vaporizing dome 11 on each of t e cylin er heads 12 which is ada ted to re-. ceive the fuel oil and vaporize it or combustion in the cylinders 13.

As shown, the engine is adapted to be mounted upon channel beams 14 which may represent the frame of an automobile. For supplying. the fuel oil to the cylinders I provide a pump 15 having a cylinder 16 in which mounted'a piston head or plunger 17 carried on a piston rod 18 which projects out of the cylinder at each end through a suitable packing box 19. The piston is adapted to be moved back and forth .by means of an eccentric 20 which is carried by the fly Wheel 2-l'and is rigid with a bell-crank lever 22 mounted upon the pivot 23 upon one of the arms of the fly wheel. The-eccentric is connected by means of an eccentric strap and rod 24 to a swinging lever 25 mounted on a bearing 26 carried by the base 27 of'the engine. The eccentric rod is pivotally connected to the rod 25 by means of the pivot pin 28 arranged between the pivot 26 and the connection 29 of the arm 25 with tlie.

connecting rod 30 which connects the arm 25 with the piston rod through across-head 31. By this means the movement. produced by the eccentric 20 is accentuated. The connection 29 is arranged so that the rod 30 may be adjusted longitudinally relatively to its direction of movement in reference to the end of the arm 25 so that the'movement of l the piston 17 in the cylinder can beequalized relatively to the two ends of the pump cylinder16.

The pump cylinder 16 is provided with an oil supply pipe 31 which delivers oil into a longitudinal passage 32 and-I deliver oil into the two ends of the cylinder through openings 33 arranged adjacent to the ends thereof but spaced inwardly therefrom, I connect the ends of the pump cylinder 16 with the en- 'gine cylinders by means of delivery pipes 34 one delivery pipe being connected to each cylinder of the engine. Each delivery pipe is connected to the pump cylinder through.

a passage 35 which enters the pump cylinder adjacent to its end and placed closer to its adjacent end of the cylinder than the adjacent inlet passage 33. Each passage 35 is controlled by a check valve 36. The inlet passages 33 are spaced longitudinally of the pump cylinder farther apart than the length of the piston 17 and consequently as the piston moves back and forth in the cylinder the oil will be freely displaced from in front of the piston flowing freely around through the passage 32 to the rear of the piston until the piston covers the inlet passage 33 toward which it is moving. At such time the piston acts as a valve to close the adjacent inlet opening 33 andthereafter the oil in front of the piston is forced pastthe adjacent check valve 36 into the connecting pipe 34 and so ,into the cylinder with which said pipe 1s connected. It will be clear that as the ton is regulated in its movement to move 'a greater or less distance past the opening 33 a greater or less quantity of oil will be forced past the check valve 36 to the cylinder and consequently a regulation of the'movement of the piston 17 effects a regulation of the delivery of fuel oil to the engine and likeso arranged that when the piston starts upon its return movement the valve 39 is panacea opened and permits the oil to enter the pump cylinder 16 and thus prevent the formation of a vacuum as the piston starts back and until the adjacent inlet 33 is uncovered.

,I sometimes omit this by-pass, as the formation of any vacuum after the piston starts back is notextreme, and it is for this reason that I prefer to make the piston or plunger 17 large in diameter in relation to the movement of the piston beyond the inlet opening 33. In fact in practice the end of the piston which forces the oil into the cylinder moves past the inlet opening 33 usually less than one third of the diameter of the piston and consequently in manyinstances I find that the by-pass 37 with its-check valve .39 is not necessary.

For the purpose of regulating the movement of the piston 17 so that the oil will be delivered to the cylinder in proper proportions t produce the power desired or speed of the engine required; I .provide a simple form of governor. In the form shownin the drawings, this consists of a weight 40 secured to the outer end ofthe bell-crank 22, a similar weight 41 carried upon one end of a swinging lever 42 and arranged diametrically opposite to the weight 40. The swinging lever 42 is pivotally mounted upon the arm of the fly wheel on a pivot 43 arranged diametrically opposite to the pivot 23 .upon' which the bell-crank lever 22 is mounted. I

connect the bell-crank lever with the swinging lever 42 by means of a link 44 so that the two weights 40 and 41 operate in unison. 'To counterbalance the centrifugal force of the Weights I provide a tension spring 45'one end; being connected with the'swinging lever '42, and the other with an arm of the fly wheel so that as the Weights 40 and.

41 swing outwardly on account of the r0tation of the fly wheel the spring 45 increases in tension thus counterbalancin the weights. As the weights swing outwar ly the eccentric 20 i swung toward the center of the engine shaft 46 thereby reducing the movement of the piston 17 As shown, in Fig. 1, the eccentric 20 is ,at the outer limit of its movement toward the right.

i It will now be understood that there is no metallic hammering or striking of parts in the mechanism which I have provided for forcing the oil into the cylinder of the engine, furthermore the quantity of oil. delivered to the engine can be accurately measured to correspond with the power which it is necessary to develop to maintain the engine at its desired speed. The whole device is exceedingly simple in construction each part being of substantialsize and the pump cylinder can be permanently placed in position upon the base of the engine and carried as a part thereof. In fact the pump cylinder is secured upon the base of the engine by means of bolts 47 and I preferably arrange the swinging lever 25 on one side of the base and the 'pump cylinder 15 on the other side of the base so as to be able to arrange all of the parts substantially withder I provide guide points 48 on the base of the pump and a similar guide point 49 on the cross-head 31 and by means of nuts 50' on the end of the rod I adjust the rela-" tive position of the rod to the arm 25 to cause the guide point 49 to properly register with both of the guide points 48 as the crosshead is moved back and forth.

As many modifications of ,my invention will readily present themselves to one sln'lled in the art I do not limit or confine my invention to the specific structures herein shown and described.

I claim: 7

1. An internal combustion engine adapted to use liquid fuel, in combination with a fuel oil pump adapted to inject automatically measured quantities of fuel oil directly into the cylinder of the engine and having a cylinder, a reciprocatin piston or plunger movable within the cy inder, an oil sup ply passage connecting with both ends of the cylinder through lateral ports adapted to be closed by the piston as it approaches the ends of its reciprocatin movement, each end of the cylinder provided with an oil delivery port connected with a cylinder of the engine, each port spaced between the adjacent inlet and the end of the cylinder, whereby as the piston moves toward the end of the cylinder it first closes the inlet port and then forces the oil out through the delivery port, and "connection between the piston and the engine for reciprocating the piston in time with the engine and the same distance beyond the inlet port at each end. i

2. In an oil pump for internal combustion engines, a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, a fuel .oil supply passage connecting with both ends of thercylinder through inlet ports adapted to be closed when the piston reaches a predetermined point, said supply pas'sa e serving as a by-pass to permit the free ow of oil from before 1 the piston to the rear side" thereof, each end of the cylinderhavin a check-valve controlled delivery porn-and a governor connected with the piston and op- I erated by the engine for varying theextent of movement 'of the piston to vary they amount of oil delivered through the delivery ports said piston being adapted to move the same distance beyond the inlet port at each end.

3. In an oil pump for internal combustion engines, a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, a fuel oil supply passage connecting with both ends of the cylinder through inlet ports adapted to be closed as the piston approaches the ends of its stroke, each end of the cylinder having a check-valve controlled delivery port connected directly to a cylinder of the engine, and the engine having a governor connected with the piston for reciprocating the piston in time with the engine said governor being adapted to automatically vary the stroke of the piston to control the quantity of oil delivered to the engine and said piston being adapted to move equal distanees beyond the-inlet ports at each end.

4. In an oil pump for internal combustion engines, a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocatetherein, a fuel oil supply passage connecting with both ends of the cyl-' inder through inlet ports adapted 'to be closed by the piston as it approaches the ends of its stroke, each end of the cylinder having a delivery port throughwhich fuel oil is delivereddirectly to a cylinder of the engine, the engine having a governor connected with the piston for reciprocating the piston in time with the engine, said governor being adapted I to automatically vary the stroke of the piston to related marks on the base of the pump and a reciprocating part thereof for indicating the reltwo ends of the cylinder to deliver an equal quantity of oil from-each end.

5. An internal combustion engine in combination with a fuel oil pump for delivering fuel oil'to the engine at intervals, and comprising a pump chamber, a. plunger reciprocable in the chamber, the chamber provided with an inlet port adapted to .be maintained in constant, communication with a source of supply of fuel oil, and with a delivery port controlled by a "check-valve and connected directly with a cylinder of the engine, and means for closing'the inlet ort before the plunger reaches the end of it stroke whereby the remaining portion of ery of fuel oil through the deliveryport to the engine cylinder, "and an automatic governor operable by-the engine and connected In a. fuel oil -pump for internal combustion enginesa cylinder, a piston reciprocablefcentrally therein, a fuel oil inlet port z the stroke of, the plunger effects the deliv- 100 ative quantities of oil delivered'from the at each end of the cylinder, the two ports arranged at equal distances. from the longitudinal center of the cylinder, a' delivery port in each end of the cylinder beyond the '5 inlet port, means for reciprocating the piston back and forth in the cylinder equally each side the longitudinal center thereof, and means for indicating any Variation from said equal movement, comprising a 10 reci fiocating part connected with said piston carrying an indicating mark and two limiting marks on the base of the pump related to said indicating mark.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of January, 1917, 15 in the presence of one subscribing witness.

EDDY T. MCKAIG.

Witness:

E. F. WILSON. 

